• 1993-01-01 literature publication 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE IS. FUNDING NUMBERS Brevetoxin depresses synpatic transmission in guinea pig hippocampal slices 61102A.The toxin produced a concentration -dependent depression of the orlhodroiiiicallk esoked population spl,, i~h an EC50 of 37 5 nM. Brevetoxin.precise mechanism b) which PbTx-3 depresses evoked responses is not certain, depolarization of the presynaptic nerve terminals leading to failure of • Cheng, Yung Sung; Zhou, Yue; Irvin, Clinton M.; Pierce, Richard H.; Naar, Jerome; Backer, Lorraine C.; Fleming, Lora E.; Kirkpatrick, Barbara; Baden, Dan G.

2005-01-01 Red tides in the Gulf of Mexico are commonly formed by the fish-killing dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, which produces nine potent polyether brevetoxins (PbTxs). Brevetoxins can be transferred from water to air in wind-powered white-capped waves.

Inhalation exposure to marine aerosol containing brevetoxins causes respiratory symptoms. We describe detailed characterization of aerosols during an epidemiologic study of occupational exposure to Florida red tide aerosol in terms of its concentration, toxin profile, and particle size distribution. This information is essential in understanding its source, assessing exposure to people, and estimating dose of inhaled aerosols. Environmental sampling confirmed the presence of brevetoxins in water and air during a red tide exposure period (September 2001) and lack of significant toxin levels in the water and air during an unexposed period May 2002). Water samples collected during a red tide bloom in 2001 showed moderate-to-high concentrations of K. Brevis cells and PbTxs. The daily mean PbTx concentration in water samples ranged from 8 to 28 μg/L from 7 to 11 September 2001; the daily mean PbTx concentration in air samples ranged from 1.3 to 27 ng/m3.

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The daily aerosol concentration on the beach can be related to PbTx concentration in water, wind speed, and wind direction. Personal samples confirmed human exposure to red tide aerosols. Indigo Renderer Free For Sketchup Texture on this page. Ulead Media Studio Pro 6 Download. The particle size distribution showed a mean aerodynamic diameter in the size range of 6–12 μm, with deposits mainly in the upper airways. The deposition pattern correlated with the observed increase of upper airway symptoms in healthy lifeguards during the exposure periods. PMID:15866777 • Blooms of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve can produce sufficient concentrations of brevetoxin to negatively impact coastal ecosystems, human health, and local economies.

Assessment of risks associated with G. Breve blooms and subsequent brevetoxin exposure requires better u. • Echevarria, Michael; Naar, Jerome P; Tomas, Carmelo; Pawlik, Joseph R 2012-01-15 Blooms of the toxic alga Karenia brevis occur along coastlines where sessile suspension feeding invertebrates are common components of benthic communities. We studied the effects of K.

Brevis on four benthic suspension feeding invertebrates common to the coast of the SE United States: the sponge Haliclona tubifera, the bryozoan Bugula neritina, the bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria, and the tunicate Styela plicata. In controlled laboratory experiments, we determined the rate at which K. Brevis was cleared from the seawater by these invertebrates, the effect of K.

Brevis on clearance rates of a non-toxic phytoplankton species, Rhodomonas sp., and the extent to which brevetoxins bioaccumulated in tissues of invertebrates using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All four invertebrate species cleared significant quantities of K. Brevis from seawater, with mean clearance rates ranging from 2.27 to 6.71 L g h⁻¹ for H.

Tubifera and S. Plicata, respectively. In the presence of K.

Brevis, clearance rates of Rhodomonas sp. Neritina and S. Plicata were depressed by 75% and 69%, respectively, while clearance rates by H. Tubifera and M.

Mercenaria were unaffected. Negative effects of K. Brevis were impermanent; after a recovery period of 13 h, B. Neritina and S. Plicata regained normal clearance rates. All four invertebrates accumulated high concentrations of brevetoxin after a 4h exposure to K. Brevis, but when animals were transferred to filtered seawater for 15 h after exposure, brevetoxin concentrations in the tissues of H.