The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – which range from halving extreme poverty rates to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015 – form a blueprint agreed to by all the world’s countries and all the world’s leading development institutions. They have galvanized unprecedented efforts to meet the needs of the world’s poorest. The UN is also working with governments, civil society and other partners to build on the momentum generated by the MDGs and carry on with an. News on Millennium Development Goals. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Interlinear Pdf Merge there. As the MDGs era comes to a conclusion with the end of the year, 2016 ushers in the official launch of the bold and transformative adopted by world leaders last September at the United Nations. The new Agenda calls on countries to begin efforts to achieve 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) over the next 15 years.

“ are our shared vision of humanity and a social contract between the world's leaders and the people,” said UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. “They are a to-do list for people and planet, and a blueprint for success.”.

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Abstract To understand the evolution of emotional communication, comparative research on facial expression similarities between humans and related species is essential. Chimpanzees display a complex, flexible facial expression repertoire with many physical and functional similarities to humans. This paper reviews what is known about these facial expression repertoires, discusses the importance of social organization in understanding the meaning of different expressions, and introduces a new coding system, the ChimpFACS, and describes how it can be used to determine homologies between human and chimpanzee facial expressions. Finally, it reviews previous studies on the categorization of facial expressions by chimpanzees using computerized tasks, and discusses the importance of configural processing for this skill in both humans and chimpanzees. Future directions for understanding the evolution of emotional communication will include studies on the social function of facial expressions in ongoing social interactions, the development of facial expression communication and more studies that examine the perception of these important social signals. An illustration of prototypical chimpanzee facial expressions.

These are listed in pairs. The example on the left side of the pair shows the Poser animated expression, while the example on the right shows a naturalistic chimpanzee expression. Under the Poser expression is the prototypical AU configuration as identified by the Discriminant Functions Analysis, and under the naturalistic expression is the percentage agreement between AU configuration and a priori classification for that category. THE STANDARDIZATION OF CHIMPANZEE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS USING CHIMPFACS The identification of prototypical expression configurations is extremely important for ongoing research on chimpanzee social cognition as it provides a blueprint for standardizing the images used in computerized tasks, such as expression categorization studies (Parr et al., ). Using the results from the DFA, researchers now have a list of prototypical facial configurations that account for each major expression category, and an objective tool in ChimpFACS for identifying these.

Even with these tools, however, acquiring photographs of chimpanzee expressions at their peak intensity is extremely difficult because expressions are dynamic, often occur during highly charged social contexts where there is fast movement, and subjects are more often than not faced away from the photographer, making it difficult to capture frontal pictures, or to standardize these in terms of head orientation and posture. To overcome the difficulties in obtaining high quality naturalistic photographs of chimpanzee expressions, researchers have now turned to custom three-dimentional (3D) animation software to create these configurations manually. There are two types of expressions shown in, a naturalistic photograph and a cartoon-like chimpanzee face.